Laboratory planning and design include various components such as laboratory construction layout and renovation systems, ventilation and exhaust systems, water supply and drainage systems, gas supply systems, cleanroom systems, electrical engineering, fire protection engineering, environmental protection engineering, laboratory safety intelligent control systems, laboratory furniture and supporting auxiliary equipment, user training, and maintenance services. Laboratory system engineering construction is characterized by its high degree of specialization, high density of components, and the complexity of coordinating multiple overlapping construction activities.
1. Overall Laboratory Planning and Construction
Preliminary Design: Site survey, understanding the characteristics of the site environment; understanding and analyzing the client's ideas and requirements; collecting relevant information specifically tailored to the project;
Construction Plan: Determining the overall design plan; detailed site inspection, understanding the client's specific requirements for material brands or other aspects; refining the drawings;
Project Implementation: Confirmation and handover of the construction plan, establishment of the project team, and preparation of personnel, materials, and equipment before construction; strict adherence to construction processes and schedules to ensure construction quality and progress;
2. Laboratory Decoration and Furnishing
In the process of laboratory decoration and furnishing, choosing the right materials and equipment is equally important. Commonly used decorative materials include walls, floors, ceilings, doors, and windows. When selecting these materials, their durability, corrosion resistance, and anti-slip properties need to be considered to meet the laboratory's environmental requirements. At the same time, laboratory equipment is also crucial, such as ventilation equipment, lighting equipment, and air conditioning equipment. These devices can improve the environmental quality of the laboratory and ensure the health and safety of laboratory personnel.
3. Laboratory Ventilation System
The laboratory ventilation system is one of the largest and most influential systems in the entire laboratory design and construction process. The perfection of the ventilation system directly impacts the laboratory environment, the health of laboratory personnel, and the operation and maintenance of laboratory equipment. Problems such as excessive negative pressure in the laboratory, gas leakage from fume hoods, and laboratory noise have always been challenging issues for laboratory staff.
These problems cause serious physical and psychological harm to people who work in the laboratory for extended periods, and even to management and logistics personnel working around the laboratory. A scientific and reasonable ventilation system requires good ventilation effects, low noise, simple operation, and energy saving, and even requires that the indoor pressure difference and temperature and humidity be maintained at a comfortable level for the human body.
4. Laboratory Cleanroom System
A cleanroom refers to a space where airborne particles, harmful gases, bacteria, and other pollutants are removed, and the indoor temperature, cleanliness, pressure, airflow speed and distribution, air exchange rate, noise, lighting, and static electricity are controlled within a certain required range. This creates a reliable, fully enclosed clean environment for experiments. Common clean laboratories include HIV laboratories, PCR laboratories, biosafety laboratories, animal laboratories, pharmaceutical factories, microelectronics, food and beverage cleanrooms, etc.
05. Laboratory Constant Temperature and Humidity System
A constant temperature and humidity laboratory is a laboratory that, through the use of specialized equipment and technical methods, maintains its indoor temperature and humidity to meet the requirements of a specific standard atmosphere for humidity control and testing. Constant temperature and humidity laboratories are essential infrastructure for product quality inspection and quality control in manufacturing enterprises. They are widely used in cotton spinning, wool spinning, chemical fiber, paper, packaging, and tobacco production enterprises, as well as quality inspection and fiber inspection departments. According to relevant ISO and GB standards, the physical properties of textiles, textile raw materials, paper, paper products, and cardboard must be tested under standard atmospheric conditions.
The standard atmosphere for testing textiles and textile raw materials is specified by ISO 139 and GB 6529 standards: temperature 20±2℃, relative humidity 65%±2%; the standard atmosphere for testing paper, paper products, and cardboard is specified by ISO 187 and GB 10739 standards: temperature 23±1℃, relative humidity 50%±2%. In addition to conventional constant temperature and humidity laboratories, there are also special constant temperature and humidity laboratories with specific requirements such as low temperatures of 5-18℃, high temperatures of 30-80℃, low humidity (relative humidity less than 40% RH), and high humidity (relative humidity greater than 80% RH).
06. Laboratory Gas Supply System
The gas supply system is an important part of the laboratory. When designing and installing laboratory gas lines, appropriate pipes and valves should be selected based on the site environment and the requirements of different gases to meet the laboratory's needs for gas safety and cleanliness. The gas pipes used in the laboratory must be chemical-resistant, durable, and not contaminate the gases. Oil-free copper pipes and stainless steel pipes are among the materials commonly used in laboratory gas lines.
07. Laboratory Water Supply and Drainage System
The laboratory water supply system includes the laboratory water supply system, the domestic water supply system, and the fire water supply system. The laboratory water supply system is divided into general laboratory water and pure water for experiments. The domestic water supply system and the fire water supply system are consistent with general building water supply systems and can usually be combined with the general laboratory water supply system.
The indoor fire water supply system includes ordinary fire fighting systems, automatic sprinkler fire fighting systems, and water curtain fire fighting systems. Laboratory buildings, storage facilities, and other structures should be equipped with an outdoor fire water supply system when necessary, consisting of outdoor fire water pipelines, outdoor fire hydrants, and fire pumps.
08. Laboratory Environmental Protection System
The environmental impact of a laboratory includes both internal and external environments. The internal environment mainly refers to the personnel, equipment, and buildings within the laboratory; the external environment mainly refers to people, air, water bodies, and soil. The design of the environmental protection system aims to minimize the harm caused by waste gas, wastewater, solid waste, noise, and radioactive contaminants generated by the laboratory to both the internal and external environments.